Category Archives: Christianity

The Gandhi Problem

I call it The Gandhi Problem.

What is The Gandhi Problem, you might ask. It is the unexamined assumption that pervades much of Christendom today, especially in the West. It concerns the abiding belief by the vast majority of Christians – especially evangelical Christians – that Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is, or is going to, burn in hell for all eternity.

Yes, this post is going to wade into seemingly heretical waters. But do me the honor of wading in with me. I promise we’ll hop back out before our skin gets too wrinkly and we no longer recognize who we are.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: 1869-1948

Gandhi is also commonly referred to as Mahatma, a term out of Sanskrit that means “Great Soul,” applied to him long before he died in 1948. For those Westerners of a younger generation (like my own) who might be unfamiliar with the Mahatma’s pursuits and endeavors, you can either go on Netflix and add Richard Attenborough’s award-winning biopic to your cue (that’s the easier way to learn that involves less reading), or you can get a basic gist by clicking here. For the sake of space, I won’t go into detail here. Suffice it to say that through an astonishing commitment to non-violence and passive resistance, Gandhi revolutionized India (as well as, through his example, many other nations including the U.S.), leading out in such arenas as poverty care, women’s rights, economic independence and religious tolerance.

Gandhi taught radical lessons on self-sacrifice, including repeated encouragements toward complete physical submission to enemies. It doesn’t take long, in any biography, for a Christian to recognize that what many of us wrestle with regarding the literal nature of Jesus’s famous Sermon on the Mount, Gandhi took absolutely literally with no equivocations. In that way, his life and lifestyle point more to the principles of the kingdom of God than most Christians’ lives.

But here’s the dilemma. Gandhi never accepted Jesus Christ as his personal Lord and Savior. He never had a personal relationship with Jesus. He never invited Jesus into his heart. He never admitted, believed, and confessed – at least in the manner and formula we Christians are accustomed to organizing conversion. So, self-sacrifice or not, martyrdom or not, radical submission to peace and social justice and love or not, Gandhi is going to burn.

So, um, what’s the Problem?

“A disciple is not above the teacher,” says Jesus in Luke 6, “but everyone who is fully qualified will be like the teacher. Why do you see the speck in your neighbor’s eye, but do not notice the log in your own?” A few sentences later, the Savior continues, “The good person out of the good treasure of the heart produces good, and the evil person out of the evil treasure produces evil; for it is out of the abundance of the heart that the mouth speaks. Why do you call me ‘Lord, Lord,’ and do not do what I tell you? I will show you what someone is like who comes to me, hears my words, and acts on them.”

And, in Matthew’s gospel, Jesus asks the following question: “What do you think? A man had two sons; he went to the first and said, ‘Son, go and work in the vineyard today.’ He answered, ‘I will not’; but later he changed his mind and went. The father went to the second and said the same; and he answered, ‘I go, sir’; but he did not go. Which of the two did the will of his father?” His audience answered that this was the first son, to which Jesus responded, “Truly I tell you, the tax collectors (traitors) and the prostitutes (unclean sinners) are going into the kingdom of God ahead of you” (parentheses and italics, mine).

Gandhi’s life more closely resembles the kind of followers Jesus was asking for than my own. Not only this, Gandhi was persecuted throughout his life for his commitment to civil disobedience and for his insistence on equality, justice and liberation. Jesus addressed that, too: “Blessed are you when people revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account. Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven…” (Matt. 5:11-12). Now, you might argue those three little words, “on my account,” but is not almost everything Gandhi did in keeping with what Jesus was doing, and the ushering in of the very things on which his kingdom is built? How did Gandhi not live on Jesus’ account, or for his sake? Just because he didn’t end his own prayers with the standard, “in Jesus’ name”?

So what do we do with Gandhi, Christians? Are we so bold to claim that Gandhi is damned while we – we who squirm in our pews during the Sunday morning invitation, we who strive not to make eye contact with the ushers passing the offering plates, we who would rather send our checkbook onto the mission fields of the world rather than ourselves – waltz into heaven to hear our Savior say, “Well done”?

Is this how it breaks down, this salvation thing? Is this the way it works? Do our deeds really count for nothing? If so, why does Jesus repeatedly call his true disciples to good deeds? Perhaps it’s time we read again those verses on which we bank so much of our view of salvation, of who “gets in” and who is “left behind.” Let me be clear, this is not an argument for universalism. It’s an argument on the nature of true obedience and true submission. It’s an examination of what holds more weight: the words of my mouth, or the inclination of my heart? It’s an investigation of just how a person “comes to Father” through Jesus (John 14:6). And even if you’re reading this and thinking, “Hmm, this still sounds a lot like universalism to me,” my question to you is, what if it does? After all, if you’re a Christian and you’re not a universalist, I understand completely. But if you’re a Christian and you’re not a wannabe universalist, I don’t know what to do with you.

We’re getting all wrinkly. Time to step out and towel off, at least for now.


The Kübler-Ross Gospel: Mourning the Death of a Misconception

Over the past few weeks, I have found myself engaged in several different conversations in which a desire for understanding has collided with an incomplete interpretation of the Bible. One conversation concerned how Christians in our day and time should consider divorce. Another exchange focused on how “the unpardonable sin” of blasphemy manifests itself in our culture today. And still a third discussion revolved around whether or not homosexuality is a moral sin and how Christians are to respond to homosexual lifestyles. The interesting thing was that, in each conversation, I began to notice that the source of the tension stemmed not from the desire to figure a definite stance on the issue in question, but rather from a much deeper anxiety that is aroused when a person is forced to place his or her preconceived idea on the examination table.

Thus, this post is an exploration of that deep anxiety; I am sorry to disappoint any readers who might have thought I was going to tackle one or all of the above mentioned issues and declare my own particular stance on each.

"Aw, man! I was really hoping for a clear answer on that blasphemy thing."

It is the need for a stance at all that makes the human specimen so odd. It does no good to ask why a person feels the need to take a distinct stand on particular issues. The urge to do so is deeply ingrained – so much so that I cannot confidently state that it isn’t an ineluctable facet of human nature. I’m no psychologist – I don’t know the mind well enough. I’m no scientist – I don’t know the chemistry well enough, either. What I am is a pastor, and so all I know is what I have read in the people I have encountered and talked to, and how I have read them.

You don’t have to be a psychologist to appreciate the work of Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, specifically her Five Stages of Grief in which we generally recognize that the standard method (though not a formula) by which most people react to tragedy and death is 1) Denial, 2) Anger, 3) Bargaining, 4) Depression, and, eventually 5) Acceptance. Now, further research and clinical study have revealed that this five-stage model must be taken with a grain of salt – not everyone goes through these stages in a timely or orderly fashion. There is progression and regression. There is reordering and rearranging. However, the deeply rooted emotions that each of these stages describe are very real.

Here she is demonstrating Stage 2 Anger after being told to throw out her sexy horn-rimmed glasses in favor of a new lens prescription.

I submit, though, that we experience something like the Kübler-Ross model not only when a very tangible, concrete tragedy befalls us (such as the death of a loved one or a shocking natural disaster), but also when our personal reflective faculties are forced to evaluate deep-seated conceptions in the moral, ethical and/or spiritual arena. In other words, there are times when changing our minds about a particular issue can be so stressful that letting go of our old understanding and our preconceived notions is not unlike grieving the death of a friend. After all, for a person who has, for example, believed for years and years that abortion is not only a legal right but a human one, and has immersed himself in rhetoric and scholarship that supports this stance, shifting to a pro-life stance can be extraordinarily disorienting. The arguments and apologetics on which he has leaned and in which he has placed his trust are suddenly stolen away. The supportive friend is gone. No wonder so many deeply entrenched culture warriors find it difficult to genuinely and successfully change minds. No wonder the Civil Rights Movement was not a week-long struggle but a multi-generational transformation of the social mindset.

"See? I'm not the only one who thinks this movement is taking forever. That guy in Row 7 agrees."

Another example. Let’s go ahead and sample from my opening paragraph. Say a person has been raised in a predominantly conservative environment – Republican parents, orthodox evangelical church, traditional local government and conventional schooling. He is a Christian who has grown up under a host of particular conceptions, one of which is that homosexuality is immoral and most definitely a sin. No doubt the stance has been backed by direct references to the Bible, most likely some verses from Leviticus and some of Paul’s letters. The young man goes off to college and ends up meeting another young man with much the same upbringing as his own, but who claims to be gay. If our protagonist in question doesn’t immediately shun his new friend (as some, sadly, are apt to do, which already argues for a manifestation of the first two stages, a form of denial or of anger, or both), he will soon be faced with a conundrum which basically boils down to, “Do I think my friend is willfully living in sin?” To address this question, he will have already fallen headlong into the third stage, bargaining. Not so much in the form of trading reality for one that isn’t possible, as we do when we wish a friend who has died would be magically restored to life. Rather, this bargaining is identified in the way the young man finds himself pulled back and forth by competing arguments. Is what I have been taught my whole life correct, or has there always been room for error in that viewpoint? Is there some other way of seeing things that offers a valid alternative through which to view my friend?

How this man responds to the examination, and how deep that reflection goes, has a direct bearing on the fourth stage – depression. This, of course, is the lowest stage of the Kübler Ross model – the one that people have the most trouble overcoming. It is the deepest valley through which we must trek if we are to arrive at the vista of acceptance, stage five.

These paths are like Swiss Alpine trails. They always seem to go in circles.

As a Christian and a minister, if I am not sensitive to the struggle of such self-reflection and internal debate, then I am doing a disservice to every person looking to me for spiritual direction. Contrary to popular belief and practice, a pastor’s job is not to supply a particular stance on an issue, or to back up a commonly held rule with proof-texts. It is to shepherd people through the intense journey that comes when we choose self-sacrifice and commit our lives to the will of Christ and the transforming work of the kingdom of God. It is to lead by example, because none of us are immune to the grieving process that comes when we put old ideas to death in favor of what we may eventually find to be new ways of understanding and engaging an issue.

This is what transformation is all about. It is part of salvation – saving us from our own lazy acceptance of truth without reflection. A person must “suffer the death of your own misunderstandings, ignorance, and attitudes,” writes Bishop Paul Egertson. “Then you mourn the loss of a nice and tidy view of the world in which everything fits neatly into boxes of black and white, right or wrong, true or false. And, as a Christian, you mourn the loss of security provided by a few biblical passages that can tell you which is which so you don’t have to take any responsibility for making a judgment.”

"So, seriously, no straight answers in this post?"

So may you love the Lord our God with all of your mind. May you not fear the anxiety that is an inevitable side effect of self-examination. May you remember that we have all been captives of fear, especially the fear which tells us that questioning things is a symptom of rebellion rather than a thirst for righteousness. And may you come to fully trust in the Savior who, by his death and resurrection, has dissolved the crippling power of all fear.


What I’ve Learned from the War: 3 Lessons in Faith

Last Saturday, the 12th, brought me to the one-year mark in my current job search. For those of you familiar with my subtle, yet often long-winded, laments about this experience, don’t click away just yet. This post is not another whine or cynical complaint. It’s more of a retrospective. The few readers who have journeyed with me by way of this blog for a considerable amount of time will know that one of my favorite miniature quotations – the one I most take to heart, perhaps – is written by Frederick Buechner. It’s four little words: “Listen to your life.”

Specifically, I’ve done my best to keep an open mind in the midst of this war. What war, you ask? It’s the war that rages within, the job search war that is fought on multiple fronts: the emotional front, the psychological front, the physical front, the social front, and, sometimes the most bloody of all, the spiritual front. And the clash takes a toll that lingers long, more like a Hundred Year’s War than a Six-Day War.

"Hotel, Echo, Lima, Papa! Do you acknowledge?!"

Yet through all the waiting and wondering and dreaming and doubting – despite the escalation of hostilities between faith and frustrated despair – I’ve tried my best to adhere to Buechner’s aphorism. What follows are a few of the many things I have learned about remaining faithful to God during hard times…

#1 – Faith Often Conflicts with Common Sense

For a person who has been a practicing Christian for a while (as opposed to someone who merely claims the title without authentically pursuing God), it is no secret that faith seems to directly contradict reason and levelheadedness. I happen to believe that “contradiction” isn’t the right word – in my opinion, it’s not that faith contradicts reason; it simply doesn’t allow reason to be the stopping point or the final judgment. Either way, however, such a mindset often conflicts with good, old-fashioned common sense. In other words, it’s hard for a person operating on blind faith to always come across as sensible, or to make decisions that other people would consider practical.

"Seriously, man. This isn't rational."

I’ll give you an example from this past year. In mid-August, I was finally offered a position at a church. It had been a long summer following an even longer winter and spring (that whole broken foot fiasco didn’t help matters), and more than anything my wife and I wanted a job for me so we could settle down somewhere and begin feeling like our own family again. And, on paper, the job looked great. I appeared to be the perfect candidate, and I liked all of the people I had met during the visit. All that was left was to hear the salary and either accept or deny the offer. Only I couldn’t do it. Something wasn’t right. I couldn’t put my finger on it, but when I tried to picture myself in the position, doing the job and living life in that community, something was off. Despite every ounce of common sense crying out within me like that scene toward the end of Revenge of the Sith where Darth Vader screams, “Noooooo!” (only way more dramatic, because that was ridiculous), I called up the pastor and told him I wasn’t the guy for the job. There was a lump in my throat when I spoke, and I had to hold back tears of frustration and guilt.

Actually, the Emporer just told him that none of his new gear is covered by workman's comp.

Someone on the outside looking in might say I was swayed not by some lack of peace, but from the anxiety of starting a new position and creating a home for my family in a new state. They might comment that another position in which I was still a candidate was more appealing and I was holding out for that one. That person might even be partially correct. But the point is that when all was said and done, I believed I had to operate by faith and not reason. Reason alone would have found me taking the job. Faith went beyond it, to the detriment of all common sense and good judgment, and kept me searching.

I still regret turning down the offer. After all, I’m only human. But, if I’m going to truly deny myself for the sake of knowing God in all things, the decisions I make must be made through the motivation of faith, not the ratiocination of mere human circumstance.

#2 – I’m Not Job, and God Doesn’t Audibly Speak to Me

The first part is good, obviously (and don’t think I haven’t wondered at the homonym between the biblical character and the fact that I’m engaged in a “job” search). The second part is hard not to wish for. I’ve actually had absurd thoughts that guys like Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Samuel, Paul – yes, even Jesus – had it easy. Can you believe that? Easy! As if familial separation, dangerous kings, angelic appearances, disembodied voices, selfish nations, storms, shipwrecks – and to top it off for Jesus, the cross – could ever be considered a walk in the park. And why? Because God actually spoke to them – told them what was up.

"Hey, it's me again. Yeah, I'm gonna need you to climb another mountain."

Then I think of Job’s story, not to mention Jonah’s and Hosea’s and all the rest of those guys I just mentioned, and I realize that the most terrifying thing I can imagine is God speaking to me audibly, in a way I can’t deny or escape. It’s not only because the incontrovertible command of God would expose every inch of my selfishness – it’s because the very paradigm by which I have lived my entire life as a Christian would be instantly burned away. When God speaks audibly, faith evaporates. Sometimes we wish God would just rend the clouds and speak directly to us and justtelluswhatweshoulddopleaseohpleaseohplease. We can even become resentful that God doesn’t cut through the veil and reveal himself, or at least make known that enigmatic thing we call “his will.”

The irrefutable presence of God – the complete invasion of his will into my life – takes away every aspect of my free will, which is the penultimate gift he gives each human being. Think of every voluntary choice you ever made in your life… which is impossible, of course, because the best attempts at a quantifiable answer is upwards of 5000 per day! But let’s say only .5 percent of those actually affect your life in significant ways – that’s 25 a day, which is 175 a week, which is around 750-775 a month, which leads to roughly 9200 significant, life-altering decisions a year. We also know, though, that one seemingly trivial decision can breed thousands, increasing the number of choices we have to make exponentially. I could go on, but blood is already dribbling out of my ears.

Amateur.

For whatever reason, God chose to plant us in a world that is cultivated, for better or for worse, by our decisions. This is the existence we know, and even though it can be hard – even though we are faced with moments where the effect our choices can have can shudder us to our core – we beat on.

#3 – My Hope Must Be in God, Not in a Job

It seems an obvious statement to make, but it has fingers that dig extremely deep.

When I taught high school English, my classes read The Great Gatsby, and we always discussed both the theme of materialism as well as the question of how basic, perhaps even primal, were the characters’ connections with security and stability, and how they were motivated by these connections to do what they did. I cannot help but remember these discussions when I consider how much I and my wife want me to find a job so we can move out of my parents house and establish ourselves in a community – so we can determine what our grocery store will be, how we will arrange our kitchen, decorate the baby’s room, organize our daughter’s toys, etc. These are the things that make a person feel like he is his own person. Call it self-centeredness, call it control, call it concern for stability – we are all guilty of this at one time or another. (Some of us are guilty of it almost every waking moment of every day.)

Regarding my second point, common sense, there seems to be nothing wrong with this. Why should I not be concerned with the welfare and security of my family? What is wrong with hoping for a specific job? With wishing for a home of one’s own? Must every desire for something this side of heaven fall under the category of materialism?

"Really, Jimmy, Two cookies! You're such a hedonist!"

No. And here’s why. If desiring such things makes you feel guilty, this is not the Spirit prompting you to fall back in line. I don’t believe God works that way. Of course, there is a danger in putting one’s hope and trust in a sense of stability or security. If happiness can only be found in gaining or attaining stuff, then you have fallen headlong into materialism. You’ve made possessions and physical comfort your god. I’ve had to guard against this at times during this search – no thirtysomething guy with a wife and kids would rather live as boarders in his parents’ house than have his own place in his own town in his own pace of life. But while I remain extremely thankful for all my parents have done for us during this time, I also have to watch out that my desire for a place does not supersede my desire to know God, to place my hope in him, and to trust his provision above all things. “I know what it is to be in need, and I know what it is to have plenty,” claims the writer of Philippians. “I have learned the secret of being content in any and every situation, whether well fed or hungry, whether living in plenty or in want.”

__

Our faith is being molded every day, whether we recognize it or not. It is being challenged and refreshed and strengthened. When we listen to our lives, as Frederick Buechner encourages, we find there are almost as many lessons as there are choices. Sometimes, it can feel like a war. The strain can be difficult to endure, to keep your head down and your strength up as you face battle after battle.

But, no matter how long they may last, wars eventually end. And for the person who endures, there is peace after.


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